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第一百九十五节 山东生意

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    的就算货物太平运到,大明的补给系统和财政极度紊乱使得铈重满怀发财梦想的商人倾家dàng产只换来几张纸片甚至连纸片都没有闹得自杀的,流lu街头沦为乞丐饿殍的也大有人在。
    在登州这里做朝廷的买卖,除了有本钱,有经商的能力,还得有深厚的官面背景。同样在登州,有人靠着运输朝廷的军需发财的不算,还利用在渤海上航行运输军需的船只,大搞走si活动,将各方急需的货物特产运输往来,游走在大明、朝鲜和后金之间,赚得盆满钵满。
    孙元化在登州对此知道的十分清楚,但是他既然是个会做官的人,就不会再这上面多做计较,原因不言自明:参与这种走si活动的商人都是有后台的,有的官大势大他惹不起,有的还要对方卖命卖力,不可得罪;有的是他的靠山、朋友、同年,闹起来了,大家一拍两散,别说整顿办不下去,就是他这个登莱巡抚能不能干下去都成问题。
    因而孙元化本人除了尽量控制粮食和生铁对后金的输出之外,其他方面也就眼开眼闭了。而他也需要走si贩们从后-盘输入急需的马匹。登州地处山东,不像在山海关、锦州一线的明军武将一样能够就近从ng古购买到马匹,因而从后金方面辗转买入战马就成了登州新军的主要战马来源了。何况走si贩们不时的还带来许多后金方面的消息——在情报搜集方面比朝廷派出去的细作要强多了。
    眼前这个年轻人说不定也有同样的打算。孙元化打量着赵引弓,他来拜访自己显然是“攀亲戚”、“找靠山”来了。要在登州这一带做买卖,没有谁比他孙元化更适合当靠山了。
    孙元化对此并不反感。
    在大明这是天经地义的事情。他孙元化也不是什么道学先生不然他也不会在五十上下就当上方面大员。
    这个赵引弓和澳洲人做买卖不算,为了赚钱愿意千里跋涉到人地生疏的山东来,不怕冒风险,是个大胆敢为的人。他又和澳洲人有深厚的贸易关系,这点亦可利用。最后直接掌握几个商人对他来说有利无害。
    但是此人是否堪用还要进一的看看再说。他问道:“既然要在此经商,不知准备做些什么买卖?”
    这个话题就有些敏感了。赵引弓要做得买卖实际上是贩卖人口,这个当然不能说·但是随便编造一个又要经得住推敲。赵引弓早就反复考虑过,当下很谨慎的说道:“大人在此练兵,最需要的自然是粮食…···”
    孙元化liáo着胡须,点点头道:“不错·正是粮食。”他叹息道,“难。”
    赵引弓问道:“敢问大人其中的缘故?”
    “说来朝廷的粮食是有的,只是这‘运,字难办。”他说道。
    登莱两地云集着大批驻军,本身就要消耗大量的粮食,还要向驻在辽东的东江镇的几万人马供应粮食,粮食转运极其繁重。然而登莱地区的陆地交通却极其不便。明代,山东布政司共辖六府·地处东部沿海的青州、莱州、登州三府所谓“东三府”,而地处西部运河沿岸的济南、兖州、东昌三府是“西三府”。相对而言,东三府地区不论是在交通还是在贸易方面都同西三府存在着较大差距。
    地处东部沿海的东三府,境内多为丘陵和山地,陆上交通极为不便。位于最东部的登州府,三面临海,陆上交通最为闭塞。“西境虽连莱(州)、青(州),而阻山界岭·鸟道羊肠,车不能容轨,人不能方辔”·人称“无一线可通之路”。这样交通状况无疑极大地阻碍了它与其他地区的商贸流通,所以出现“僻在东隅,阻山环海,地瘠民稀,贸易不通,商贾罕至”的局面。
    从南方运来得大批的粮食走大运河抵达山东之后,需要陆地转运才能运到登、莱等地。而西三府的地理条件使得陆地转运非常之困难。因为道路难行,运价也就非常的高昂。
    朝廷拨给登莱驻军和东江的粮食往往不能很快的运到登州,堆积在临清等地,不但损耗大增·而且牵扯到许多官场上的交道。粮食要运到登州,必须要征发民夫,雇佣车辆,沿途要供应吃喝住宿,有时候还得修桥补路。这都牵扯到地方官的配合。孙元化毕竟只是登莱巡抚,不是山东全省的巡抚·出了自己的管辖范围,做起事情来就不是那么得心应手了。为此他不得不在省里和沿线府县做许多的工作,以保证粮食能够顺利的运′送。
    不仅是粮食,其他补给也都存在这样的问题。按照现代人的眼光,东三府都是沿海州县
    ,典型的适宜搞“外向型经济”的地区,而且海运条件非常的好整个东三府海岸线绵延近三千公里,所辖29个州县中,濒海州县占了近60%的比重,早在隋、唐、北宋时期,登州、莱州、胶州即已发展成为中国与国外进行贸易的重要港口。
    但是由于明初厉行海禁,山东沿海的海上贸易衰落下去了。尽管嘉靖之后海禁松弛,民间海运有所恢复,但是规模始终不大,每条船的运力不过数百石,每年到港船只亦不过二三百艘。登莱等地依然处于交通不便,物资流通困难的状态之下。孙元化每每为此伤脑筋不已。
    相比之下,其他物资尚且可以走海路运送,唯独这粮食,只要从江南调运的就非走大运河不可这是体制问题,要改走海道不是他一个人说了算的了漕运是朝廷的“大政”,就是已经入阁的徐光启都不能左右。
    赵引弓道:“既然如此,为何不设法就地筹措?就算不能全部解决,至少也能解决一部分,百姓们也得些好处。”
    孙元化道:“你初来乍到,不知这里的关节所在。就说本地的粮食,登莱一带素来土地贫瘠,出产有限。偏偏又是‘谷有余不能出给他郡以转资。不足不能求籴他郡,祗以自给。故小熟则骤饶,小凶则坐困,的地方!不但荒年要逃荒,连熟年也要逃!”
    “熟年为何要逃?”
    “这里的粮食根本卖不出去,卖不出去,如何缴丁银折sè?”孙元化诧异的看着他说道觉得他怎么这点事务也不明白。
    “哦,是引弓赶紧点头,心道自己又lu丑了。对大明的人士来说这是基本常识,对自己却很陌生。
    “朝廷在本地征收粮食虽然给恩每石加二钱银子,百姓们依然苦不堪言。”说着他叹了口气,“故登民为之谚曰:登州如瓮大,小民在釜底。
    粟贵斗一金,粟贱喂犬豕。大熟赖粮逃,大荒受饿死。”
    赵引弓当然知道其中的原因:无非是因为交通不便造成流通困难,本地丰收了粮食运不出去,卖不出价钱;遭了荒年外地的粮食又运不进来。他来登州之前已经就这个问题做过研究,此时提起来是为了引起下一个话题。
    “既然是难在一个运字上,学生愿意在此助大人一臂之力。”赵引弓说道,“学生有意在此开办船行。”
    孙元化颔首微笑,却不置可否。赵引弓并不着急:孙元化肯定理解船行的价值所在。之所以不表态正说明对此颇为重视,要好好的想一想再和他谈此事。当下也就不再继续这个话题。
    话题又转向本地的农业来了。本地的粮食生产情况好的话,对漕粮转运的依赖xing也能大大降低。因而孙元化对改进当地的农业生产很有兴趣,他和徐光启一样,对农业问题颇有研究。徐光启曾经在天津用“西洋水法”搞过屯田,“学以致用”,效果很好。孙元化表示他亦曾经一度有这样的想法。
    “大人即有此意,为何不招纳流亡,在本地开荒屯田?”赵引弓试探道,“我见本地荒地甚多。我一路行来,沿途饥民满路,嗷嗷待哺。大人若有此意,不仅可充军食,也是极大的······善行”赵引弓原想说“功德”,一想他是天主教徒,马上改口成“善行”。
    孙元化摇头:“地、人都好说,唯独钱不好办。”
    收容饥民要给吃给穿给住,土地虽然花不了几个钱,但是开荒要种子、要牲口、要肥料。全都需要大量的前期投入。孙元化贵为登莱巡抚,其实所辖不过登、莱、青三府并山东沿海和渤海湾内诸岛,是典型的民贫地瘠的地方。手中掌握的资源有限,即使加上朝廷拨下的军饷和粮食也只能勉勉强强的维持军队和防御体系。再想搞建设开发就没有余力了。
    “再者,此地多濒临大海,境内又多为丘陵和山地,故土地盐碱、瘠薄者居多,非用大力气,花大精神不能办。”孙元化说道,“本抚在此操持军务,已是心力交瘁,没有这个余力了。”!。
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